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Projects:

Culture Jamming:

AntiPederasty:

Technical:

Others:

Hacktivism:

Civil organization through technology against a political idea, goverment, lobby, company, etc..

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Hacktivists seek the full and universal respect for all fundamental human rights such as education, 
safety, health, a healthy environment and nutrition. It is current fight against clonation of people 
and the manipulation exerted by governments, which reduce the rights of people to the simple ability to vote.

The word "hacktivism" was first used in 1996, created by Oxblood Rufin, a senior member of the Death Cult of Cow 
and founder of hacktivismo.com, to refer to "hacking for political purposes, the definition later evolved to" use 
technology to improve human rights through electronic media. However, this definition and practice of hacktivism 
came after a lengthy discussion that pitted many hackers around the different ways of understanding the alliances 
between hacking and politics.

Hacktivism is also considered a controversial area of policy intervention and subversion digital tactics. 

Had been born the "infowar" which could be divided into three layers: the physical layer (defined by the hardware 
and network infrastructure), logical or syntactic layer (defined by the programs, protocols and systems running on 
physical layer ) and the semantic layer (the content of the information.)

Before Oxblood gave life to the term "hacktivism", the Zapatistas, aware of their inability to win any battle in 
the physical and logical layers, decided to opt for the semantic layer (amplifying their message through the network,
since the situation of various indigenous peoples was low risk to the Mexican government harassment) as a space for 
political intervention.

Decided to attack with "semantic bombs" on the cyberspace. The statements of the indians of the Lacandon jungle traveling 
through the planet, were passed from one other, conveying a message of support, thanks to e-mail.

-InforWAR-

The result was a physical barrier against a possible military invasion from the Mexican government to the area of Chiapas, 
through the use of logical messages.

Ciberzapatismo born like a form of "electronic disturbance" in the network.

In 1998, Ricardo Dominguez and other members of the Critical Art Ensemble decided to create a tool for activism, which 
recharged several times a website. Some 80,000 people participated in a virtual demonstration against the server hosting 
of the website of the former president of Mexico during that time, getting to stop giving service for several days.

-Netstrike-

These actions were coordinated by the Electrohippies. The original proposal to support the Zapatistas and electronic civil 
disobedience actions came from a group of Italian hacktivists (the Anonymous Digital Coalition) in 1994, the first time 
the model of political action netstrike getting knock several web servers to protest French nuclear testing in Mururoa.

Government reactions took some time but came with severity. The Pentagon accused them of cyber terrorism and developed 
a program that knocked down the tool of ciberzapatistas. While the Italian government seized the server that hosted netstrike.it 
in 2001 and 42 hacktivists were arrested in 2002 because "their links" with netstrikes.

Another of the best examples of actions hacktivists is conducted by the Swiss artist collective Etoy against eToys Toy Company 
held during the Christmas of 1999. 

Highest netstrike in Spain was registered on February 22, 2006 on the website of the General Society of Authors and Publishers 
(SGAE), took place between 20:00 and 00:00 and had a participation of about 6,500 people.

While netstrike have some legitimacy, thanks to the mass of Internet users making requests to servers (in analogy with 
urban demonstrations that paralyzed traffic), several groups of hackers quickly began to make denial of service attacks or 
destructive intrusions (such as defacements) on behalf of hacktivism.

For example Legions of the Underground declared infowar Iraq and China for not respecting human rights. CDc quickly (and many 
other groups of hackers, including L0pht, Phrack, Hispahack, CCC...) appealed against the destruction of the telematic 
infrastructure as a means of political action.

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On July 4, 2001, Hacktivism and the Cult of the Dead Cow, drafted the "Declaration of Hacktivismo" which stated:

That the total respect for Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms includes the freedom of fair and reasonable access to information, 
either by short-wave radio, air mail, simple phone, Internet or other means.

"That we recognize the right of governments to prohibit publication of certain state secrets categorized timely, child pornography, 
and issues related to privacy and personal privileges, among other restrictions accepted. But we oppose the use of state power to 
control access to the work of figures critical, intellectual, artistic and religious.

"That Internet censorship backed by the state erodes peaceful and civilized coexistence, affect the exercise of democracy and 
endangers the economic development of nations.

"That Internet censorship supported by the State is a severe form of organized and systematic violence against citizens, aimed at 
creating confusion and xenophobia, and is a reprehensible violation of trust.

"That study ways and means to circumvent Internet censorship backed by States and implement technologies to challenge violations 
Information Rights.

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"Hacktivism: Use of technology with the goal of promoting freedom, cooperation and peace".
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